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| Reference Data |
In the following pages we have
compiled technical information on our range of products.
Data has been gathered from manufacturers' most recent
published specifications and, when this has not been
available, from our own research. While we make every effort
to ensure that the information is accurate, mistakes can
occur and we cannot be held responsible for consequential
loss suffered as a result of errors, omissions or
approximations. We are also constantly improving and
updating our products and, as a result, reserve the right to
alter specifications without notice. This data should be
used as a guide only and, if your application requires more
specific information, then we strongly recommend that you
ask our Sales Department to provide written confirmation.
Below we give an explanation of the terms used in the main
body of the catalogue:
1) PUMP OPERATION
"M" or "manual" a float switch is not fitted. The pump will
require an operator to control the water level by switching
the pump on or off at the mains, because it will operate
immediately when power is applied. Some pumps must not be
run dry, so care should be taken not to operate them without
water, unless we have stated that it is possible to do so.
"A" or "auto": a float switch is fitted. The pump will turn
itself on and off automatically with a rise and fall of the
water level, so the presence of an operator is not required.
When power is connected, the pump will only operate when the
float switch is actuated, which generally occurs at or about
the point when the top of the pump casing is submerged. The
float normally stops the pump when the water level is still
covering the impeller, so it is normal for residual water to
remain in the sump. The volume of this water can be
minimised by fitting a non-return valve in the discharge
pipe near the pump, to prevent back flow into the sump. It
is vital to ensure that no protrusions, pipes, wiring,
debris etc. can obstruct the float switch movement. Failure
of the float to move freely could damage the pump due to dry
running, and/or cause flooding. Pendant float switches can
only be adjusted slightly, and should not be moved so much
that the pump will not start or stop. If you do adjust it,
check the pump operates correctly before relying on the
installation i.e. feed water into the chamber/sump slowly;
witness it starting an stopping and adjust if necessary.
Turning the float up and down by hand is not sufficient.
When selecting an automatic pump for an application, it is
essential that the dimensions and volume of the sump allow
full and free movement of the float. Too small a sump can
lead to rapid on/off operating cycles, whereas a larger sump
will reduce the number of starts the pump will make and, in
turn, increase its life. Most motor manufacturers suggest no
more than 25 starts per hour. Many outside influences can
alter the point at which an automatic pump starts or stops
operating. An example of this would be a build up of grease
or fat on the pump, the float, or the walls of the chamber.
Therefore we strongly recommend that all installations are
inspected regularly to check operation.
2) PUMP CONNECTIONS
When the figure is given in an imperial measurement (e.g.
1¼ then the inlet and/or outlet is threaded. A hose tail
would be necessary if fitting to a flexible pipe is
required.
When the figure is given in a metric measurement (e.g. 32mm)
then the inlet and/or outlet is supplied with a hose tail to
enable fitting to a flexible pipe.
"outlet": this is the internal diameter size of the
discharge pipe required to suit the pump outlet port. Outlet
pipe sizes can be reduced, e.g. to match existing pipe-work,
however, due to increased friction losses, pumping capacity
will be reduced, and power consumption may be affected. On
solids handling pumps particularly, the risk of blockage is
also increased. Outlet pipe size can be increased to improve
flow over long pipe runs, but must not be of such a diameter
that the pump is caused to operate below its minimum head.
Please consult our Sales Department for advice if you wish
to operate a pump with a discharge pipe diameter different
to that published.
"inlet": this is the internal diameter size of the inlet
pipe required to suit the pump inlet. Reducing this size is
not recommended as cavitation or erratic operation of the
pump could result, leading to greatly reduced pump life. In
some instances, e.g. suction lift duty on oils, it may
actually be necessary to increase the bore of the suction
pipe from that specified. Inlet pipe or suction hose must
have a sufficiently rigid construction and temperature range
to avoid collapsing during pump operation.
Submersible sewage pumps models are supplied in two
versions:
"freestanding": this includes feet or a support stand, and a
mating flanged elbow with a female BSP outlet flange to suit
a hose tail or pipework.
"for guide rail": this includes the components required for
guide rail mounting, but excludes the guide rails.
3) MOTORS
"kW": our published motor power ratings are "output" powers,
but the power drawn from the mains ("input") will always
exceed this figure. As a guide, the percentage difference
between output and input is greater on the lowest powered
motors. An input figure should be used for calculating
running costs and will vary depending on the application.
"amps": this is the full load current specified on the motor
rating plate, i.e. the running current. Instantaneous
starting currents will be several times this figure and
details can be supplied if needed for any application, e.g.
when running off a generator.
Current: our single and three phase pumps run on A.C.
(alternating current) while low voltage pumps run on D.C.
(direct current)
Frequency: All our AC motors are designed for 50Hz
operation, but some models have alternative frequencies
available.
Motor enclosure ratings: motors are classified according to
the degree of enclosure protection. The designation used for
the degree of protection consists of the letters "IP"
followed by two characteristic numerals.
The first characteristic numeral (0 - 6) designates the
degree of protection of persons against contact with live or
moving parts inside the enclosure and protection of machines
against ingress of solid foreign bodies.
The second numeral (0 - 8) designates the degrees of
protection of machines against harmful ingress of liquids.
Details for motors use on our pumps are:-
IP23 2 Protection against solid bodies greater than 12mm.
3 Protection against spraying water up to 60° from the
vertical.
IP44 4 Protection against solid bodies greater than 1mm.
4 Protection against splashing water, any direction.
IP54 5 Protection against dust.
4 Protection against splashing water, any direction.
IP55 5 Protection against dust.
5 Protection against water jets, any direction.
IP68 6 Complete protection against ingress of dust.
8 Submersible machine.
Motor cooling:
TEFV Totally enclosed, fan-ventilated
TESV Totally enclosed, self-ventilated.
"duty":
Pumps: all our A.C. pumps have continuously rated motors.
Motors on some of our D.C. pumps are shown as continuously
rated, while others have an intermittent rating that
requires a period of rest, after running, for cooling
purposes.
N.B. - Even if continuously rated, all our D.C. motors have
a finite brush life.
Panels: the number of pumps that can be operated from the
panel and at what voltage.
4) PUMPING PERFORMANCE
"flow": published flows are given in litres per minute and
are based on pumping clean, cold water (or diesel, or oil,
when referring to fuel and lubricant pumps), through the
outlet bore specified. This figure is the maximum the pump
can deliver at the minimum head recommended. Flow will
decrease with an increase in head created by adding pipe
vertically (physical head), and/or horizontally (head due to
friction losses in pipe run)
"head": published heads are given in metres and are based on
pumping clean, cold water (or diesel, or oil, when referring
to fuel and lubricant pumps), through the outlet bore
specified. The figure is the maximum height of a vertical
column of water that the pump could support if there were no
other losses in the system. For submersibles, head is the
distance from the water level to the highest point in the
pipeline. For surface mounted pumps operating with a flooded
suction, it is the distance from the pump’s centre line to
the highest point in the pipeline. For surface pumps
operating with a suction lift, the total head is again the
distance from the water level to the highest point in the
pipeline. In practice total head is not simply a height
difference between suction and delivery points, because the
friction losses created by horizontal pipe-work, valves,
elbows, etc., and the specific gravity and viscosity of the
liquid need to be added. This means that, in systems with
long pipe runs and many fittings, pump output may be greatly
reduced.
"suction lift": published lifts are given in metres and are
based on pumping clean, cold water(or diesel, or oil, when
referring to fuel and lubricant pumps), through the inlet
bore specified. A "suction lift" is the distance from the
pump’s centre line to the water level. There are few
limitations on the discharge side of a pump or pumping
system, however there are very definite limitations to the
suction side. This is why we suggest that submersible pumps
should always be chosen in preference to surface mounted
pumps, whenever possible. The theoretical maximum lift for
clean, cold water is approximately 10 metres; however in
practical terms it is considerably lower and we recommend 6
metres or less of inlet pipe. For fuel transfer pumps the
maximum is even lower and 3 metres or less is recommended.
For oil transfer pumps it is 2 metres or less. In all cases
the additional the losses created by horizontal pipe-work,
valves, elbows, specific gravity and viscosity of the liquid
need to be added.
Performance Curves: these indicate the output possible at
measured points. Care should be taken not to select a pump
for operation off the bottom or the top of the curve, as
this could lead to premature pump failure. Ideally the pump
should operate within the middle third of the curve to
achieve maximum efficiency. Published flows are given in
litres per minute at a head point in metres, and are based
on pumping clean, cold water(or diesel, or oil, when
referring to fuel and lubricant pumps), through the outlet
bore specified. From the preceding notes it should be
obvious that all aspects of the system must be taken into
account when making a pump selection. Please consult our
Sales Department for advice and guidance when using these
curves.
5) DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS
"w x l x h" (width x length x height) or "diam x h"(diameter
x height): the figures published are either taken from the
manufacturers' latest specifications or, when these are not
available, from our own measurements. If your application
requires precise information we strongly recommend that you
request written confirmation from our Sales Department.
Submersibles: the width dimension excludes the hose coupling
(when supplied). The height is measured to the top of the
handle, lifting-eye or outlet, which ever is greater.
Surface pumps: the height, in most cases, excludes the
handle and any hose kit.
Engine pumps: for centrifugal pumps this is the outside
dimension of the frame or base plate (WX10), but does not
include wheel kits or handles (KTR). For the diaphragm
pumps, the dimensions include the chassis, wheels, prop
stands and handles.
Hand pumps: dimensions exclude the length of the removable
lever on the DD and SD45 pumps. It is inclusive of the
integral lever on the SD60. Where a foot-plate is fitted,
the dimensions include this size. For the rotary pumps, the
outlet and riser pipes dimensions are included. Hoses and
hose kits are not included in any dimension.
"weight": the figures published are approximate and either
taken from the manufacture’s latest specifications or, when
these are not available, from our own measured weight. This
data should be used as a guide only and, if your application
requires specific information, then we strongly recommend
that you ask our Sales Department to provide written
confirmation.
The weight given is the dry weight of the product i.e. it
excludes the power cable. Where applicable, it excludes any
hose kit. For Tsurumi freestanding sewage pumps it includes
the flanged elbow.
6) SOLIDS HANDLING
"free passage": this is the size of the solids that the
manufacturer specifies that the pump can pass.
7) ENGINES
Petrol driven pumps are fitted with Honda engines and run on
unleaded fuel.
"oil alert": this is a protection device for petrol engines
that will stop the engine during operation or prevent the
engine starting, if there is insufficient oil in the sump.
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